Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, Third Edition: Software of the Mind: Intercultural Cooperation and Its Importance for Survival (BUSINESS SKILLS AND DEVELOPMENT)

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If you have never encountered a different culture from your own, then there are some quite concrete examples that you should be able to relate to. POWER DISTANCE: The extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organisations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. In Part Four, he discusses how intercultural encounters are affected by these dimensions and how awareness and acceptance of these differences can yield more effective results. Hofstede's study demonstrated that there are national and regional cultural groupings that affect the behavior of societies and organizations, and that are very persistent across time.

D., is a biologist and professor of Information Systems at Wageningen University, the Netherlands, and the son of Geert Hofstede. In times of globalization, understanding and accepting cultural diversity and appreciating other people's views about life and how human beings should relate to one another is increasingly important.

It is very interesting and proposes many views on cultural norms, which somehow feel intuitively correct. The first part describes Hofstede's famous dimensions of national culture, the second discusses cultures in organizations and lasts the implications of all the earlier chapters. I enjoyed how the clarifications of how different cultures encounter other cultured (ethnocentrism/xenophilia). This is not bad -- they simply need to be above board and stop pretending to take the role of the neutral outsider (at least to better influence those of us who are American conservatives; we are big into distinguishing between fact and evaluation of fact; these evaluations are always done through a person's own personal gridwork). Similarly, Singapore scored lowest on uncertainty avoidance, which according to his explanation, shouldn't be as Singapore is the country with perhaps the most strict laws of all countries.

Interestingly enough, Malcolm Gladwell wrote an excellent chapter in his Nov 2008 book Outliers (also highly recommended) based on this, i. Both practical and theoretical, this is the only book that I know of that really describes and explains cultural differences on various levels (family, school, work. When I repeated some of these assumptions made by Hofstede to some of my colleagues from other parts of the world, they were very surprised, and all of them (yes, all of them) disagreed with the generalisations of themselves, and how they perceived others.INDULGENCE/RESTRAINT: Indulgence stands for a tendency to allow relatively free gratifications of basic and natural human desires related to enjoying life and having fun, whereas restraint reflects a conviction that such gratification needs to be curbed and regularised by strict social norms. The first chapter (chapter 7) argues that management theories are always limited to the culture of the creator.

D., is professor emeritus of Organizational Anthropology and International Management at Maastricht University, The Netherlands. The only thing that is common for both is masculinity, that both cultures are quite masculine (index, China 66 and U. The authors mention 5 simple facts about evolution, namely that it’s unavoidable, backward-looking, path-dependent, multidimensional (not purely genetic! This financed (still does) and maintains of the lifestyles of ‘home’ citizens and increases investitures of their pension funds. Title may sound dry, but if you, like me, find cultural differences fascinating/annoying you really must read this book, or something similar.

Geert Hofstede, PhD, is professor emeritus of Organizational Anthropology and International Management at Maastricht University, The Netherlands. Politics and the relationships between citizens are an extension of relationships in the family, school, and at work,and in their turn they affect these other spheres of life.

That ‘institutions’ are invoked with poorly anthropology/ethnology and wide claims unrelated to empirical findings or those that are being presented and which the author has no remit for (‘‘companies are replicators’’(468), ‘‘[polities are replicators at the moral circle level’’), are an attempt at moralizing or ‘explaining away’ the comprehensive inequalities that plague and cut across every society and social strata. INDIVIDUALISM/COLLECTIVISM: Individualism describes societies where the ties between individuals are loose; everyone is expected to look after himself and his immediate family. There is a large discussion of different elements that distinguish different cultures based on survey data. Gert Jan Hofstede, PhD, is a professor of Information Systems at Wageningen University and the son of Geert Hofstede.

LONG-TERM/SHORT-TERM ORIENTATION: LTO stands for the fostering of virtues oriented towards future rewards, in particular perseverance and thrift. Part 1 was very insightful, yet at times the author seemed to be a victim of confusing causes and effects. The evolutionary perspective is the apex with which we should view all life-related phenomena, at least if we don’t want to end up with the ivory archipelago, a situation where each separate subject proposes theories and analyses data that have no coherent, overarching implications for other subjects at all, meaning that they could be uttering the most complete nonsense without being corrected by other views. A feminine society is where emotional gender roles over lap, where both men and women are supposed to be modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life.