Fish Tails

Product Information

Shi Z, Zhang Y, Meek J, Qiao J, Han VZ (2008). "The neuronal organization of a unique cerebellar specialization: the valvula cerebelli of a mormyrid fish". J. Comp. Neurol. 509 (5): 449–73. doi: 10.1002/cne.21735. PMC 5884697. PMID 18537139. Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp.345–349. ISBN 978-0-03-910284-5. Fins can either be paired or unpaired. The pectoral and pelvic fins are paired, whereas the dorsal, anal and caudal fins are unpaired and situated along the midline of the body. For every type of fin, there are a number of fish species in which this particular fin has been lost during evolution (e.g. pelvic fins in † Bobasatrania, caudal fin in ocean sunfish). In some clades, additional unpaired fins were acquired during evolution (e.g. additional dorsal fins, adipose fin). In some † Acanthodii ("spiny sharks"), one or more pairs of "intermediate" or "prepelvic" spines are present between the pectoral and pelvic fins, but these are not associated with fins. Whales, dolphins and manatees are marine mammals, and as mammals, all are air breathers. No matter how deep they can dive or how long they can remain underwater, eventually all marine mammals must return to the surface to fill their lungs with life-sustaining air. Standen, EM (2009). "Muscle activity and hydrodynamic function of pelvic fins in trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 213 (5): 831–841. doi: 10.1242/jeb.033084. PMID 20154199.

a b Dorit, R. L.; Walker, W. F.; Barnes, R. D. (1991). Zoology. Saunders College Publishing. pp. 816–818. ISBN 978-0-03-030504-7.Cavitation occurs when negative pressure causes bubbles (cavities) to form in a liquid, which then promptly and violently collapse. It can cause significant damage and wear. [32] Cavitation damage can occur to the tail fins of powerful swimming marine animals, such as dolphins and tuna. Cavitation is more likely to occur near the surface of the ocean, where the ambient water pressure is relatively low. Even if they have the power to swim faster, dolphins may have to restrict their speed because collapsing cavitation bubbles on their tail are too painful. [33] Cavitation also slows tuna, but for a different reason. Unlike dolphins, these fish do not feel the bubbles, because they have bony fins without nerve endings. Nevertheless, they cannot swim faster because the cavitation bubbles create a vapor film around their fins that limits their speed. Lesions have been found on tuna that are consistent with cavitation damage. [33] Under a tough membranous shell, the tunica albuginea, the testis of some teleost fish, contains very fine coiled tubes called seminiferous tubules. The tubules are lined with a layer of cells ( germ cells) that from puberty into old age, develop into sperm cells (also known as spermatozoa or male gametes). The developing sperm travel through the seminiferous tubules to the rete testis located in the mediastinum testis, to the efferent ducts, and then to the epididymis where newly created sperm cells mature (see spermatogenesis). The sperm move into the vas deferens, and are eventually expelled through the urethra and out of the urethral orifice through muscular contractions. Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of Actinopterygii, Dipnomorpha, Actinistia and Chondrichthyes fishes. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as seen in sharks. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the spine and are supported only by muscles. Their principal function is to help the fish swim. Sinus venosus: A thin-walled sac or reservoir with some cardiac muscle that collects deoxygenated blood through the incoming hepatic and cardinal veins. [ verification needed] [42]

Reversed heterocercal: vertebrae extend into the lower lobe of the tail, making it longer (as in the Anaspida) This will provide you with the knowledge you need to become a more knowledgeable angler. Anatomy of Fish Fins Hyperotreti - Hagfishes". Archived from the original on 6 February 2013 . Retrieved 14 December 2012. Understanding fish tail anatomy is key for species identification, behavior, and habitat. Improve your fishing success by keeping an eye out for these indicators! Types of Tail Shapes and Their FunctionsThe function of the adipose fin is something of a mystery. It is frequently clipped off to mark hatchery-raised fish, though data from 2005 showed that trout with their adipose fin removed have an 8% higher tailbeat frequency. [4] [5] Additional information released in 2011 has suggested that the fin may be vital for the detection of, and response to, stimuli such as touch, sound and changes in pressure. Canadian researchers identified a neural network in the fin, indicating that it likely has a sensory function, but are still not sure exactly what the consequences of removing it are. [6] [7] a b c d Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp.129–145. ISBN 978-0-03-910284-5. Woodhams PL (1977). "The ultrastructure of a cerebellar analogue in octopus". J Comp Neurol. 174 (2): 329–45. doi: 10.1002/cne.901740209. PMID 864041. S2CID 43112389. The head of a fish has structures like the occipital process and naris, on the top and bottom. Other features such as gill archers and mandibular barbell shape can help differentiate too.

In addition to tail shape, size, shape of body, placement of fins, and presence or absence of body spines, chin, nostrils, and operculum must be examined to accurately identify fish. By being aware of these details, anglers and other fish enthusiasts can become more familiar with different fish types and hone their identification skills. Homocercal Tail The AquaPenguin, developed by Festo of Germany, copies the streamlined shape and propulsion by front flippers of penguins. [95] [96] Festo also developed AquaRay, [97] AquaJelly [98] and AiraCuda, [99] respectively emulating the locomotion of manta rays, jellyfish and barracuda. Fish anatomy is the study of the form or morphology of fish. It can be contrasted with fish physiology, which is the study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. [1] In practice, fish anatomy and fish physiology complement each other, the former dealing with the structure of a fish, its organs or component parts and how they are put together, such as might be observed on the dissecting table or under the microscope, and the latter dealing with how those components function together in living fish.

WHOLESALE

Takezaki, N.; Nishihara, H. (2017). "Support for lungfish as the closest relative of tetrapods by using slowly evolving ray-finned fish as the outgroup". Genome Biology and Evolution. 9 (1): 93–101. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evw288. PMC 5381532. PMID 28082606.