The Jerusalem Bible (Standard Edition)

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One of the earliest extra-biblical Hebrew writing of the word Jerusalem is dated to the sixth or seventh century BCE [62] [63] and was discovered in Khirbet Beit Lei near Beit Guvrin in 1961. The inscription states: "I am Yahweh thy God, I will accept the cities of Judah and I will redeem Jerusalem", [64] [65] [66] or as other scholars suggest: "Yahweh is the God of the whole earth. The mountains of Judah belong to him, to the God of Jerusalem". [67] [68] An older example on papyrus is known from the previous century. [69] Close up of the Khirbet Beit Lei inscription, showing the earliest extra-biblical Hebrew writing of the word Jerusalem, dated to the seventh or sixth century BCE

The Old Testament was translated to reflect Jewish interpretations of the text. The problem for some here is prophecies that were later seen to be about Christ.Some think their translation should always reflect this; others that they should be translated in such a way as the original audience might have understoodthem. David forthwith transferred his residence to Zion, the fortified city of Jerusalem, and named it after himself, “the City of David” ( 2 Sam 5:9). He also engaged in considerable building. This included his palace, by means of cedar timbers and skilled craftsmen provided by Hiram king of Tyre ( v. 11), and the “Millo,” q.v. ( v. 9), “a filling,” which may refer to a reinforcing of the system of platforms and terraces already established by the Canaanites on the eastern slope of Zion (K. Kenyon, BA, XXVII [1964], 43; cf. the similar activity by Solomon [ 1 Kings 9:15, 24] and Hezekiah [ 2 Chron 32:1-5]). The Jerusalem Post Group Breaking News World News IvritTalk- Free trial lesson The Jerusalem Report Jerusalem Post Lite Trending Articles חדשותמעריב לוחחגיםומועדים 2023 זמניכניסתשבת Real Estate Listings Hype Special Content Insights 50 Jews Following the Bar Kokhba revolt, Emperor Hadrian combined Iudaea Province with neighbouring provinces under the new name of Syria Palaestina, replacing the name of Judea. [144] The city was renamed Aelia Capitolina, [135] [145] and rebuilt it in the style of a typical Roman town. Jews were prohibited from entering the city on pain of death, except for one day each year, during the holiday of Tisha B'Av. Taken together, these measures [146] [143] [147] (which also affected Jewish Christians) [148] essentially "secularized" the city. [149] Historical sources and archaeological evidence indicate that the rebuilt city was now inhabited by veterans of the Roman military and immigrants from the western parts of the empire. [150]In 587–586 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar II of the Neo-Babylonian Empire conquered Jerusalem after a prolonged siege, and then systematically destroyed the city, including Solomon's Temple. [107] The Kingdom of Judah was abolished and many were exiled to Babylon. These events mark the end of the First Temple period. [108] Biblical account Shalim or Shalem was the name of the god of dusk in the Canaanite religion, whose name is based on the same root S-L-M from which the Hebrew word for "peace" is derived ( Shalom in Hebrew, cognate with Arabic Salam). [45] [46] The name thus offered itself to etymologizations such as "The City of Peace", [43] [47] "Abode of Peace", [48] [49] "Dwelling of Peace" ("founded in safety"), [50] or "Vision of Peace" in some Christian authors. [51] Further information: History of Jerusalem during the Kingdom of Jerusalem Medieval illustration of capture of Jerusalem during the First Crusade, 1099. Roman rule over Jerusalem and Judea was challenged in the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), which ended with a Roman victory. Early on, the city was devastated by a brutal civil war between several Jewish factions fighting for control of the city. In 70 CE, the Romans destroyed Jerusalem and the Second Temple. [135] [136] [137] [138] [139] The contemporary Jewish historian Josephus wrote that the city "was so thoroughly razed to the ground by those that demolished it to its foundations, that nothing was left that could ever persuade visitors that it had once been a place of habitation." [140] Of the 600,000 (Tacitus) or 1,000,000 (Josephus) Jews of Jerusalem, all of them either died of starvation, were killed or were sold into slavery. [141] Roman rule was again challenged during the Bar Kokhba revolt, beginning in 132 CE and suppressed by the Romans in 135 CE. More recent research indicates that the Romans had founded Aelia Capitolina before the outbreak of the revolt, and found no evidence for Bar Kokhba ever managing to hold the city. [142] Ever since the capture of the Ark by the Philistines at the first battle of Ebenezer, c. 1080 b.c. ( 1 Sam 4:11, 22), it had remained apart from the public worship of Israel ( 1 Chron 13:3; though cf. 1 Sam 14:18). Even after its return to Israel, however, because of the disaster it had produced at Beth-shemesh ( 1 Sam 6:19, 20), it had been left at Kiriath-jearim ( 7:1, 2), farther inland on the road to Jerusalem. But soon after his occupation of Zion in 1003, David assembled 30,000 of the leading men of Israel formally to conduct it into his new capital ( 2 Sam 6:1, 2). After a three-months’ delay at the house of Obed-edom, occasioned by the death of Uzzah for having profaned the sacred object ( vv. 7, 11), the king finally achieved his goal, conducting the Ark within the walls of the City of David and placing it in a tent sanctuary ( vv. 12, 17). He instituted regular offerings and a musical service in conjunction with it ( 1 Chron 16); henceforward Zion was to be “the city of God” ( Ps 46:4; cf. 48:2); see below under IV.

Soon Moses began speaking about this specific and unique location that God had promised to bring them to:Tools and services JPost Premium Ulpan Online JPost Newsletter Our Magazines Learn Hebrew RSS feed JPost.com Archive Digital Library Lists of Jewish holidays Law The name "Jerusalem" is variously etymologized to mean "foundation (Semitic yry' 'to found, to lay a cornerstone') of the pagan god Shalem"; [42] [43] the god Shalem was thus the original tutelary deity of the Bronze Age city. [44] According to a study published in 2000, the percentage of Jews in the city's population had been decreasing; this was attributed to a higher Muslim birth rate, and Jewish residents leaving. The study also found that about nine percent of the Old City's 32,488 people were Jews. [332] Of the Jewish population, 200,000 live in East Jerusalem settlements which are considered illegal under international law. [333] While the international community regards East Jerusalem, including the entire Old City, as part of the occupied Palestinian territories, neither part, West or East Jerusalem, is recognized as part of the territory of Israel or the State of Palestine. [258] [259] [260] [261] Under the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1947, Jerusalem was envisaged to become a corpus separatum administered by the United Nations. In the war of 1948, the western part of the city was occupied by forces of the nascent state of Israel, while the eastern part was occupied by Jordan. The international community largely considers the legal status of Jerusalem to derive from the partition plan, and correspondingly refuses to recognize Israeli sovereignty over the city. [262] Status under Israeli rule