Guru Granth Sahib -English Version

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a b c Arjan, Guru; Singh, Pashaura (1996). "Guru Arjan's Rāmakalī Hymn: The Central Issue in the Kartarpur-Banno Debate". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 116 (4): 724–729. doi: 10.2307/605443. JSTOR 605443. a b Sikh art and literature. Kerry, Brown. London: Routledge. 1999. p.198. ISBN 0-415-20288-4. OCLC 39765536. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: others ( link) The Making of Sikh Scripture by Gurinder Singh Mann. Published by Oxford University Press US, 2001. ISBN 978-0-19-513024-9 p. 5. "The language of the hymns recorded in the Adi Granth has been called Sant Bhasha, a kind of lingua franca used by the medieval saint-poets of northern India. But the broad range of contributors to the text produced a complex mix of regional dialects."

The sangat close sangat Congregation in a Sikh gurdwara. sit on the floor in the Darbar Sahib close Darbar Sahib The prayer hall in the gurdwara, which is the Sikh place of worship. to ensure their heads are not higher than the Guru Granth Sahib. Harnik Deol, Religion and Nationalism in India. Routledge, 2000. ISBN 978-0415201087. p. 22. "(...) the compositions in the Sikh holy book, Adi Granth, are a melange of various dialects, often coalesced under the generic title of Sant Bhasha." For a more comprehensive discussion of these theories and evidence, see: Pashaura Singh (2003). The Guru Granth Sahib: Canon, Meaning and Authority. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-908773-0. Gurinder Singh Mann (2001). The Making of Sikh Scripture. Oxford University Press. pp.36–38. ISBN 978-0-19-513024-9.a b Singh, Pashaura (13 October 2011), "The Guru Granth Sahib", Sikhism in Global Context, Oxford University Press, pp.39–59, doi: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198075547.003.0003, ISBN 978-0-19-807554-7 , retrieved 26 February 2023 Gupta, Hari Ram (2000). History of the Sikhs Vol. 1; The Sikh Gurus, 1469–1708. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers (P) Ltd. p.114. ISBN 81-215-0276-4. Pashaura Singh (2000). The Guru Granth Sahib: Canon, Meaning and Authority. Oxford University Press. p.104. ISBN 978-0-19-564894-2. Descendants of Arjan Dev have original text". The Times of India. 30 August 2004. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019 . Retrieved 25 June 2023. {{ cite news}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( link) Singh, Kamalroop. "Sikh Martial Art (Gatkā)." The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press, 2014. 459.

Bhai Banno (right) being given the Adi Granth by Guru Arjan (centre-left) to get it boundThe third view held by scholars such as Piar Singh states that independent versions of the Sikh scripture developed in geographically distant regions of the Indian subcontinent. [41] These versions developed because of the forgetfulness or creativity of the local Sikh leaders, errors made by scribes, attempts to adopt popular hymns of bhagats or adapt the hymns to local regional languages where Gurmukhi was not understood. It is these manuscripts that Guru Arjan collected and considered, then edited to produce an approved version of the Adi Granth. The Sikh scripture, according to this school, was thus a collaborative effort and there was no authentic version of the pre-canonical text in Sikhism. [41] a b c d Gurinder Singh Mann (2001). The Making of Sikh Scripture. Oxford University Press. pp.33–36. ISBN 978-0-19-513024-9. Jones, Kenneth W. (1973). "Ham Hindū Nahīn: Arya Sikh Relations, 1877–1905". The Journal of Asian Studies. Cambridge University Press. 32 (3): 457–475. doi: 10.2307/2052684. JSTOR 2052684. S2CID 163885354. a b Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp.260–261. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1. The entire Guru Granth Sahib is written in the Gurmukhi script, which was standardized by Guru Angad in the 16th century. According to Sikh tradition and the Mahman Prakash, an early Sikh manuscript, Guru Angad Dev had taught and spread Gurmukhi at the suggestion of Guru Nanak Dev who invented the Gurmukhi script. [43] [44] The word Gurmukhī translates to "from the mouth of the guru". It descended from the Laṇḍā scripts and was used from the outset for compiling Sikh scriptures. The Sikhs assign a high degree of sanctity to the Gurmukhī script. [45] It is the official script for writing Punjabi in the Indian State of Punjab.

a b W. Owen Cole; Piara Singh Sambhi (2005). A Popular Dictionary of Sikhism: Sikh Religion and Philosophy. Routledge. pp.38, 79. ISBN 978-1-135-79760-7. a b Shapiro, Michael C.; Dass, Nirmal (2002). "Songs of the Saints, from the Adi Granth". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 122 (4): 924–929. doi: 10.2307/3217680. JSTOR 3217680. The word raga refers to the "color" [47] and, more specifically, the emotion or mood produced by a combination or sequence of pitches. [48] A rāga is composed of a series of melodic motifs, based upon a definite scale or mode of the seven svara psalmizations, [49] that provide a basic structure around which the musician performs. Gurbani raags are not time dependent.

The fourth view builds upon this third view and is supported by scholars such as Jeevan Deol. According to this view, there were independent textual traditions in Sikhism before Guru Arjan decided to edit and redact them into the Adi Granth. [41] These textual traditions developed in different parts of the Indian subcontinent, greatly influenced by the popularity of regional bhagats and their Bhakti movement ideas about nirguna and saguna forms of the divine, with Guru Arjan favoring the nirgun versions. The Adi Granth reflects the review, editing and compilation of complex and diverse textual traditions before him. [41] a b Singh, Pashaura. "Fearlessness and human justice: Exploring Guru Tegh Bahadur's teachings and sacrifice from a fresh perspective." Sikh Formations 17.4 (2021): 409–434. The compositions of Guru Gobind Singh were not included in the Guru Granth Sahib and set into the Dasven Padsah ka Granth, which is more popularly known as the Dasam Granth. [29] The compilation and release of this definitive edition of the latter was completed by Bhai Mani Singh. [31] Extensions of the Guru Granth Sahib [ edit ] Modern eco-friendly printing press to print Guru Granth Sahib at Gurudwara Rakabganj: DSGMC, United News of India (July 28, 2019)The original Guru Granth Sahib is in the possession of the Sodhi family of Kartarpur village, and is placed at Gurdwara Thum Sahib. [79] [80] [81] [82] The Sodhis are descendants of Guru Arjan Dev and Kartarpur was founded by him in 1598. [83] Since the early 20th century, it has been printed in a standard edition of 1430 Angs. [ citation needed] Prior to the late nineteenth century, only handwritten copies were prepared. The first printed copy of the Guru Granth Sahib was made in 1864. Any copies of the Guru Granth Sahib deemed unfit to be read from are cremated, with a ceremony similar to that for cremating a deceased person. Such a cremation is called Agan Bheta. The Guru Granth Sahib is currently printed in an authorized printing press in the basement of the Gurudwara Ramsar in Amritsar; misprints and set-up sheets, and printer's waste with any of its sacred text on, are cremated at Goindval. [84] romanized: As Kripan Khando Kharag, Tupak Tabar Ar Teer In 1708, Guru Gobind Singh conferred the title of "Guru of the Sikhs" upon the Adi Granth. The event was recorded in a Bhatt Vahi (a bard's scroll) by an eyewitness, Narbud Singh, who was a bard at the Rajput rulers' court associated with gurus. [50] Sikhs since then have accepted the Guru Granth Sahib, the sacred scripture, as their eternal-living guru, as the embodiment of the ten Sikh Gurus, the highest religious and spiritual guide for Sikhs. It plays a central role in guiding the Sikh's way of life. [6] [51] A Granthi reciting from Guru Granth Sahib