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S. Department of Homeland Security's Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties during former President Barack Obama's administration. Practices [ edit ] Services, prayer, and celebration [ edit ] A Nation of Islam mosque in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States, 2005. Unlike most forms of Islam, the NOI does not teach that the 6th/7th century Arabian religious leader Muhammad was the final nor the most important messenger of God, [28] instead treating its first two leaders, Fard Muhammad and Elijah Muhammad, as being more important. For the Nation, acquiring land and growing food is regarded as a means of building self-determination for African Americans.
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Reexamining Resistance as Oppositional Behavior: The Nation of Islam and the Creation of a Black Achievement Ideology".In the Nation's discourse, these early humans are labelled "black", [48] described as having dark skin as well as smooth, straight hair, closely resembling dark-complexioned Arabians or South Asians rather than Sub-Saharan Africans. A. Akom opined that the NOI had a reputation even among non-Muslim African Americans of "speaking truth to power," [452] with a 1994 Time/ CNN poll found that two-thirds of African Americans who knew of Farrakhan had favorable views of him.
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However, there is no specific holy text produced by the NOI, [35] and its teachings have not remained static, but have changed throughout its history. Deeming it a threat to domestic security, the Federal Bureau of Investigation worked to undermine the group. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) later noted that Fard Muhammad's fingerprints matched those of Wallie D. There was press speculation that the Nation's leaders were complicit, [306] something which damaged the group's reputation; [298] recruitment declined in the latter half of the 1960s. It teaches that although this founder disappeared in 1934, he had secretly moved to Mecca and would live for another 409 years.In endorsing a form of creationism, the Nation rejects evolution and believes that the existence of dinosaurs is a hoax perpetrated by members of the white race. All America Is a Prison": The Nation of Islam and the Politicization of African American Prisoners, 1955–1965". In 1923, Poole and his wife Clara relocated to Detroit, where they settled in the black ghetto of Paradise Valley. Members are also encouraged to conduct regular three-day fasts, [200] and to fast during the daylight for the entirety of December.
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As this results in many individuals having the same name, numbers are added before the X to differentiate members (i.According to its teachings, "knowledge of self" is key for black people to realize their inner divinity. He taught that there is no spiritual realm, with the material universe being all that exists, [57] although he also stated that humans could develop parapsychological powers and that he personally had telepathic abilities. years ago, these ancient scientists—who had knowledge of the future—wrote their knowledge down in a text, the Mother Book. Gardell suggested that any such black state formed under the Nation's leadership would be theocratic, authoritarian, and totalitarian. Over two centuries, Yakub's experiments created a group of blonde, light-skinned people, the white race.
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The census is a survey that happens every 10 years and gives us a picture of all the people and households in England and Wales. Leinweber of Emory University asserts that the Nation of Islam engages in revisionist and antisemitic interpretations of the Holocaust, and that they exaggerate the role of Jews in the trans- Atlantic slave trade. Farrakhan has also suggested that the countries of Africa should set aside land on that continent for the African diaspora, characterising this as a reparation for the complicity of West African states in the Atlantic slave trade. S. [293] In 1962, Los Angeles police raided one of the Nation's temples; one member was killed and seven injured, attracting national press attention.
The Nation provides conflicting statements about its theology; although it professes commitment to the monotheistic idea of a single God, its discourse refers to multiple gods, [39] meaning that it can be interpreted as polytheistic. During the mid-20th century it began encouraging the use of "X" as a surname, symbolising what they regarded as African American identity as an "ex-slave" and also as a marker for their lost ancestral name. A Chronology: Farrakhan's "World Friendship Tour" to Africa and the Middle East: January–February 1996".
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