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During the Tudor period, England began to develop naval skills, and exploration intensified in the Age of Discovery. The country covers roughly 62% of the island of Great Britain, which is in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight. Following the war, the British Empire experienced rapid decolonisation, and there was a speeding-up of technological innovations; automobiles became the primary means of transport and Frank Whittle's development of the jet engine led to wider air travel.

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Some of the most commercially successful films of all time have been produced in England, including two of the highest-grossing film franchises ( Harry Potter and James Bond). Under the Stuarts, Continental artists were influential especially the Flemish, examples from the period include Anthony van Dyck, Peter Lely, Godfrey Kneller and William Dobson. Great British Railways is a planned state-owned public body that will oversee rail transport in Great Britain from 2024. The Beaker culture arrived around 2,500BC, introducing drinking and food vessels constructed from clay, as well as vessels used as reduction pots to smelt copper ores.There is a rapid transit network in two English cities: the London Underground, and the Tyne and Wear Metro in Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead and Sunderland.

England formed? | The British Library How was the kingdom of England formed? | The British Library

A form of Protestantism known as Methodism is the third largest Christian practice and grew out of Anglicanism through John Wesley. Empiricism continued through John Stuart Mill and Bertrand Russell, while Bernard Williams was involved in analytics.Prominent among 20th-century artists was Henry Moore, regarded as the voice of British sculpture, and of British modernism in general. From 1994 until the early 2010s England was divided for a few purposes into regions; a 1998 referendum for the London Region created the London Assembly two years later. Originating in 17th and 18th-century England, the thoroughbred is a horse breed best known for its use in horse racing. The National Gallery in Trafalgar Square houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. By 410, during the decline of the Roman Empire, Britain was left exposed by the end of Roman rule in Britain and the withdrawal of Roman army units, to defend the frontiers in continental Europe and partake in civil wars.

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Magazines and journals published in England that have achieved worldwide circulation include Nature, New Scientist, The Spectator, Prospect, NME and The Economist. By sea there is ferry transport, both local and international, including from Liverpool to Ireland and the Isle of Man, and Hull to the Netherlands and Belgium.a] He also legally incorporated his ancestral land Wales into the Kingdom of England with the 1535–1542 acts.

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Other forms of entertainment that originated in England include the circus [287] [288] [289] and the pantomime. It was the Romans who founded the first cities and towns such as London, Bath, York, Chester and St Albans.

The name "England" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means "land of the Angles". Some English people, especially in the north, were Jacobites and continued to support James and his sons. A dispute over the succession to Edward led to the Norman Conquest in 1066, accomplished by an army led by Duke William of Normandy. The Pennines, known as the "backbone of England", are the oldest range of mountains in the country, originating from the end of the Paleozoic Era around 300million years ago. The plan was thwarted by bad coordination, stormy weather and successful harrying attacks by an English fleet under Lord Howard of Effingham.